The term that refers to the entire span of history from the of the Jews’ return to their homeland after the Babylonian exile, starting in 538 b.c.e.—shortly after which (ca. 520–515 b.c.e.) they rebuilt the Jerusalem Temple, which Babylonians had destroyed—until the great revolt against the occupying Roman army in 66–70 c.e., at which time the Romans attacked Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple once again. Although this entire time is technically covered by the phrase “Second Temple period,” most scholars use the term to refer to the last few centuries thereof, as a more religiously neutral way of designating what Christian scholars had often called the “intertestamental period,” that is, the time falling between the history recounted in the Hebrew and Christian Bibles.