Because of a (relatively late) misunderstanding, this targum was for a while wrongly attributed to Jonathan b. Uzziel (first centuries b.c.e.–c.e.); its present scholarly name reflects the consensus that it is not Jonathan’s targum but an anonymous compilation (it is sometimes also called Targum Yerushalmi 1). This targum apparently took shape over a long period of time: while it is clearly related to the other Palestinian targums, it likewise has obvious affinities to Targum Onkelos, so that it might best be described as a hybrid of these two traditions to which a great deal of further material from rabbinic midrash has been added. For this reason, assigning any date to this work is likely to be misleading. There is little doubt that, despite the few, obvious post-Islamic references found in it, Pseudo-Jonathan’s, basis goes back far earlier. The final version of this Targum may have been composed around the eighth century, though it includes materials from much earlier times. An unofficial free Aramaic translation of the Torah, erroneously ascribed to Jonathan ben Uzziel through misinterpretation of the initials “T.J.” (= Jerusalem Targum). That scholar is the reputed author of the Targum to the Prophets.